Cell Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Cell Theory - Assignment Example The paper depicts all the eccentricities of the cell hypothesis. A cell organelle is the piece of a cell that has a particular capacity. Organelles are generally situated inside the cytoplasm of a living cell, and are regularly encased in a layer called plasma film. They are classified organelles in light of the fact that their significance to a cell is comparable to the significance of organs of to a body. The two prokaryotes and eukaryotes have cell organelles; be that as it may, there are some significant contrasts between the two. The organelles in prokaryotic cells are not sorted out or encased in plasma films. Significant cell organelles incorporate chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi contraption, mitochondria, core and vacuoles. Chloroplasts have twofold layers just as their own DNA, and perform photosynthesis. They are available in plants and some green growth. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a solitary layer and is answerable for transport just as combination of protei ns. It is of two sorts †unpleasant ER, whose surface gives off an impression of being harsh on account of the nearness of ribosomes, and smooth ER, whose surface has all the earmarks of being smooth. Golgi mechanical assembly is additionally scorch membraned and is answerable for protein arranging and modification.... The two prokaryotes and eukaryotes have cell organelles; nonetheless, there are some significant contrasts between the two. The organelles in prokaryotic cells are not sorted out or encased in plasma films. Significant cell organelles incorporate chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi mechanical assembly, mitochondria, core and vacuoles. Chloroplasts have twofold films just as their own DNA, and perform photosynthesis. They are available in plants and some green growth. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a solitary film and is liable for transport just as amalgamation of proteins. It is of two sorts †harsh ER, whose surface has all the earmarks of being unpleasant due to the nearness of ribosomes, and smooth ER, whose surface gives off an impression of being smooth. Golgi contraption is likewise scorch membraned and is liable for protein arranging and adjustment. The mitochondrion is additionally called as the powerhouse of the phone since it is answerable for vitality creation, and like chloroplasts, it likewise has a twofold layer and its own DNA. The core has both Deoxyribonucleic corrosive (DNA) and Ribonucleic corrosive (RNA) and is answerable for support and appropriate circulation of DNA during cell division. Vacuoles work as capacity supplies of the cell. Minor organelles of the cell incorporate autophagosomes that gather material from the cytoplasm for corruption, centrioles that empower cell division, ribosomes that help in the creation of proteins, lysosomes that are answerable for preparing or breakdown of huge particles into easier ones, nucleolus that produces ribosomes, and vesicles that work as material transporters in the phone. Numerous different organelles exist dependent on the kind of life form.

Dionysius I of Syracuse Essay -- History, Dionysius

Dionysius I of Syracuse accumulated a notoriety for being a warmongering dictator who hurt his kin with his harsh system. Anyway many enduring sources that investigate his standard were composed by individuals who were ideologically restricted to apparent despots. It is thusly very conceivable that parts of Dionysius rule where forgotten about or misrepresented to suit the creator's enemy of overbearing plan. It is the expectation of this paper to contend that Dionysius rule did in actuality advantage Syracuse more than he hurt it during his lifetime. His residential and remote undertakings will be investigated so as to show how he in reality profited the Syracusan state just as most of its kin. It will anyway additionally be contended that his heritage harmed the Syracusan state however that general Dionysius rule was useful in the course of his life. Sources will in general depict Dionysius rule in a negative light and apparently dodge the last piece of his rule. L. Pearson proposed that the purpose behind this was on the grounds that Philistus was estranged abroad at that point (since numerous sources depend on him for a firsthand record) which means there was an absence of data. Diodorus gives the most compressive enduring work of Dionysius rule however follows the counter domineering convention. As indicated by Diodorus, Dionysius came to control by ruining the military chiefs' so as to have him delegated general with preeminent force by the get together (Diodorus 13.91-2, 95). Dionysius was currently ready to do whatever was important to win the war giving him for all intents and purposes boundless control over the state. He likewise persuaded the get together to review Syracusan who were in a state of banishment to help in the war, giving Dionysius a lot of new supporters among the returning individuals (Diodorus 13.92). He at that point increased a protector o... ...le profited by his standard. The rulers building undertakings and arrangements for war made numerous employments that would last various years. Stabile work was found by numerous individuals and undertakings, for example, the invigorated divider spared them from a Carthaginian attack. Dionysius enormous armed force assisted with ensuring the state just as grow its impact in both Sicily and Italy. As time went on the severe parts of Dionysius rule ebbed away as he looked to improve his picture so as to increase amazing partners. This in the long run proved to be fruitful significance Dionysus had the option to lift Syracuse to a universal level. Anyway his inheritance was destructive to Syracuse as it prompted the enduring of its kin and the debilitating of the state. During his life time anyway Dionysius benefitted Syracuse became it was at last left it in a superior situation than it was before he came to control.

A Brief Overview of The Transactional model of communication

A Brief Overview of The Transactional model of communication The transactional model can be measured as a simplistic one where people believes the receiver and sender are independent rudiments of the action. The roles of receiver and sender in the transaction model differ knowingly from the other models. It is an imperative addition to the communication model. The reason is it allows the people to do effective communication by relaxing their capability to adapt communication, for example, a verbal communication, in the middle of directing it founded on the communication they are concurrently receiving from their communication companion. The transactional model of communication Summary The transactional model of communicationTransactional Model ConceptFactors Affecting the Transactional ModelCriticism of the transactional model of communicationThere are three implicationsWrap up Transactional Model Concept The model of communication is the procedure of incessant transformation and change. Because of this, it accepts the correspondents to be self-governing also acts in any manner they need. Since both receiver and sender are essential to keep the interaction active in the transactional model, the correspondents are also codependent to each other. For illustration, the transactional model is not probable if the receiver is not attending sender. The transactional model is the most usual method of communication. Ordinary interactions and talk are also an effective form of interaction or communication. It is more effective and well-organized for correspondents with related individual and environment aspects. For example, It is obvious that the people who recognise each other will have the more effective communication rather than between the unknown people. In this model, the reliability and efficiency of interconnected messages also be contingent on the method used. For illustration, the same communication might not be supposed through an individual the same manner once it is directly through a telephone, also once it is provided personally. Factors Affecting the Transactional Model Many factors can affect the interaction or communication procedure in the transactional model. Besides these factors can affect the model communication procedure directly and indirectly. In most of the cases, These background communication and other unwanted noise become the issues. Background noises can be of any type like physical, physiological or psychosomatic noise.The transactional model of communication relates communication to the social authenticity of a group of individuals or an individual in social, relational and cultural backgrounds. We can’t predict their responses because they may have diverse backgrounds and cerebral circumstances. Communication patterns are contingent on several factors, for example, physical, environmental, social, cultural, emotional, psychological, etc.The fundamental of the interaction or communication in the specific model get overpowered because of the circumstances of the cultural and social system are over-powering the fundamentals of. At the same time, the psychological and physical background has substantial effects on the communication, undermining or enhancing it. So, these are some factors distressing transactional model. Criticism of the transactional model of communication Without a verbal reply, the sender can’t be certain that the receiver acquired the message as envisioned. The response is an essential constituent in the interaction or communication procedure, mainly in relational communication because it provides a space to explain misunderstandings.The transactional model also provides the opportunity for noise since the interaction or communication is concurrent. For example, if some of the employees are talking to each other than they are restricting to meet the goal of the proper meeting. There are three implications Transactional” signifies that communication is not a one time process. It is continuously altering and enduring process. Individuals are not the same, and they change as per the requirements and collaboration. The environment also changes as per the circumstances.In any transactional procedure, each element exists concerning all other elements. There is this interdependence where there can be no basis without a receiver also no message deprive of a source.Each individual in the communication procedure reacts contingent on several factors, for example, their context, previous experiences, cultural beliefs, attitudes, and confidence. So, these are some inferences in this model. Wrap up Now you have seen that in the transactional model, the communication is an enduring circular procedure. The transactional model of communication has several codependent components and processes, comprising the decoding and encoding processes, the correspondent, message, noise and channel. The transactional model of communication also relates to communication with communal reality; national upbringing even relational background (relationships). Non-verbal response like gesticulations, body language, is also measured as the response in this model.

Loneliness Felt in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck and...

In the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck and the poem Eleanor Rigby by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, many of the characters are experiencing loneliness. When people feel lonely their way of lifestyle are different then that of someones whos not lonely or them if they were not lonely. Also because they are lonely their actions are different. They portray this in both the novel and the poem. The effects of loneliness on people are displayed in the novel Of Mice and Men through the character of Curleys Wife. As stated, when people feel lonely their actions and way of life are affected. In the plot they show that if it wasnt for Curleys Wifes loneliness she may not have died the way she did. Because she is so lonely she†¦show more content†¦Also through the character of Father McKenzie, they show that he is also like Eleanor Rigby very lonely. They say writing the words of a sermon, that no one will hear, no one comes near. This shows that because of his position in the church and his lifestyle, he doesnt have many friends. His sermons are probably not well written enough to keep the attention of many of the people. Also maybe because of his position in the church, he frightens people from becoming close to him. The theme of this poem is that if Eleanor Rigby and Father McKenzie met one another, then they wouldnt have been so lonely and Eleanor Rigby would not ha ve only been buried with her name. Between the novel Of Mice and Men and the poem Eleanor Rigby there is a controlling idea about loneliness in peoples lives established. The idea is that no matter what the situation is, there is always a need for a companion. As shown through the characterization in the poem and in the novel, there is a unity showing how there is always a need for a human or even an animal companionship. Also the poem and the novel both, through either plot, figurative language and/or metaphors, show the main theme of this essay, loneliness and how peoples lives and actions are significantly affected if they are experiencing loneliness. In conclusion, when people are experiencing loneliness, their actions, as well as their way of life is altered. Also some problems and changes are caused

Definition and Examples of Cue Phrases in English

A connective expression (such as now, meanwhile, anyway, or on the other hand) that links spans of discourse and signals semantic relations in a text. Examples and Observations Within a discourse segment, the discourse coherence relations among the situations are often implicit and involve such notions as cause, consequence, claim, reason, argument, elaboration, enumeration, before, and after. . . . On the other hand, many transitions within a discourse structure, especially changes and transitions from one segment to another, are often made overt through the use of clue word or cue phrase expressions that provide information at the discourse level. These expressions include incidentally, for example, anyway, by the way, furthermore, first, second, then, now, thus, moreover, therefore, hence, lastly, finally, in summary, and on the other hand.(James E. Hoard, Linguistics and Natural Language Processing. Using Computers in Linguistics: A Practical Guide, ed. by John Lawler and Helen Aristar Dry. Routledge, 1998)Once upon a time, there was this boy, and he knew this beautiful woman. Its not you, though. Well, the beautiful woman tells this boy that she has th is secret wish, and her wish is that she wants this guy to really like her. So, anyway, the boy makes this huge, personal sacrifice and he gives his wish away.(Paul Reubens as Pee-Wee Herman, The Pee-Wee Herman Show, 1981)Yeah, well, House is straightforward, brilliant and an ass. . . . Whereas you, on the other hand, have a perfect score. You are responsible, nice, human. And yet, youre Houses best friend.(Mira Sorvino as Dr. Kate Milton in Frozen. House M.D., 2008)My mom adopted [Titembay] from Sally Struthers, like, years ago. You know, one of those for the cost of a cup of coffee a day sort of things. Where shes like, How can you just sit there and not help the children? And we couldnt. We couldnt just sit there and not help the children. So we started sending him pictures and letters and stuff for years, but then I got really into ice skating so we sort of forgot about him. Then one day we get this phone call and its Titembay and hes at the dry cleaners around the corner.(Natal ie Portman as Sam in Garden State, 2004)[I]n natural language the connections between enunciations . . . can be signaled by morphemes, that is, cue phrases. Cue phrases express abstract concepts in themselves, that is, they express the concept corresponding to the specific relation that they signify. For instance, the cue phrase because between the enunciations I missed the bus and I left home late expresses a concept of causality, that is, the coherence relation holding between the two spans of text. Obviously, the relation would hold and the concept of causality could still be inferred even if the construction was paratactic, that is, even if the cue phrase because was not there. However, the point is that natural language is capable of directly indicating an abstract concept like causality, entirely independently from the content of the related text spans.(Clara Mancini, Cinematic Hypertext. IOS Press, 2005) Also Known As: clue word

Week DQ Free Essays

To be sure we are caring for the entire needs of the attain, we must include a spiritual assessment to make sure the wishes and desires of the patient and family are being met in order for the patient to heal from their illness. To address our own spiritual needs we must be honest and open with ourselves as to what is important to us spiritually. Exploring your own spiritual side may be helpful to deliver the care necessary to your patients and leave room so you can be open to whatever it is that your patient’s spiritual needs may be. We will write a custom essay sample on Week DQ or any similar topic only for you Order Now This may also be important so you can understand what your own beliefs and preferences are so you don’t impose Hess on your patients. You may find that there are certain things you choose to do for your faith in order to stay spiritual. My family chooses to worship together on Sunday mornings in church. We have always done so and now that we are all married, we meet on Sundays and worship together. It brings us all together and I feel at peace when my family is together. When taking care of your patients it is necessary to have an understanding of what it is that they believe and what will help them in their healing process. Many patients become stressed when hospitalized and seek comfort in having their virtual needs addressed. This is when it is important to ask those questions and have the knowledge of what you can do to make your patients as comfortable as possible. Many times patients will ask to see their pastor or want to make a trip to the chapel. Some may just want a quiet place to worship or will find comfort in having a Bible at the bedside. It may be important for your patient to be involved in prayer or meditation in which you may wish to include yourself or not depending on how comfortable you are. Patients like to include their health care providers in their prayer as they live it helps to bring peace to their healing. When a person becomes ill, it often affects the family as well (GUCCI lecture notes, 2011). By asking the patient and family of their spiritual wishes, this allows us to gain a better understanding of who are patient is and what they need while under our care. Addressing and supporting patients’ spirituality can not only make their health care experiences more positive, but in many cases can promote health, decrease depression, help patients cope with a difficult illness, and even improve outcomes for some patients† (The Joint Commission, 2005). A Emily may have certain ceremonies or ways in which they pray together so it is up to the health care provider to allow this and accommodate them to the best of our ability. How to cite Week DQ, Papers

Economics Assignment free essay sample

Chapter: 5 Question: Categorize each seller below on the basis of the type of market it operates in. Explain each of your answers: a. A Cattle farmer b. A Computer market c. A picture framing shop is a large metropolitan area. d. A seller of Canadian dollars in a foreign currency markets. e. A life insurance company f. A liquor store in a remote village g. A visual Artist h. A Country that produces a valuable radioactive mineral found in no other part of the world. Answer to the question no. 1 a. A Cattle farmerThis is a Perfect Competition Market.There are many sellers and buyers, product is standardized and there are almost no entry or exit barriers. We will write a custom essay sample on Economics Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page b. A Computer marketMonopolistic Competition Market: Computer knowledge is required to be in this market, there are fairly number of buyers and sellers. This is a service oriented market. There are almost no entry or exit barriers. c. A picture framing shop is a large metropolitan area. Monopolistic Competition: Only people with picture framing skill and have good taste of picture are sellers and buyers in this market.It is a service oriented industry and there are ways to differentiate by providing superior quality of service. There are almost no entry or exit barriers. d. A seller of Canadian dollars in a foreign currency markets. It is a Perfect Competition market with standardize product and there are many buyers and sellers. There are almost no entry or exit barriers. e. A life insurance companyIt is an Oligopoly. Entry and exit is regulated, product is almost standardized. There are entry or exit barriers. f.A liquor store in a remote villageIt is a Monopoly: Being in this business required special license from government authority. In a remote village government would like to regulate the item by permitting a single seller in the business (depends on cultural background of a country). As such entry and exit will be difficult. Product is standardized. g. A visual ArtistIt is a Monopolistic/ Oligpoly Competition: Sellers can differentiate their product by creativity and there are only few sellers and buyers in this market. h. i.

John Cabot Essays - Age Of Discovery, John Cabot, Navigators

John Cabot John Cabot, an Italian mariner, was born in Genoa, Italy around the year 1450. He worked as a trader in what is now called the Middle East. He moved to England in 1484 with his three sons, Ludovico, Sebastiano, and Sancto and gained experience as a seaman. On his commercial journeys, which took him to the shores of Arabia, he heard of the countries rich in spices that lay to the Far East and wanted to find a better route to the Orient. John Cabot set out to get patents from the monarchs of Spain and Portugal to obtain support for his voyage. However, both turned him down. Finally, King Henry VII granted Cabot and his three sons the right to seek islands and countries of the West, with a small ship named Matthew and a crew of 18 men. So he set sail from Bristol, England in May 2, 1497. Cabot never got to China by sea. Almost two months later, John Cabot discovered the island of Newfoundland on June 24, 1497. This was the first documented voyage to Newfoundland. Many people believe he landed at Cape Bonavista. He thought he had reached a small island off the coast of Asia. On June 26th, Cabot began his return voyage because of bad weather and no food. He returned without any spices or treasure but he received a warm welcome regardless. He did return with mapped out details of the North American coast. He was granted another patent on February 3, 1498, and this allowed him to embark on a second expedition. This was made up of five ships and three hundred men, and set sail some time before July 25, 1498. King Henry VII only granted him one ship but 4 merchants hoping to cash in on a new route to Orient provided the other 4 ships. They first went north, apparently as far as possible; drifting ice forced them to turn. They sailed along the east coast of North America past Newfoundland, which Cabot named Bacallaos, and as far as Cape Hatteras. John Cabot also may have reached the Hudson Bay on his expedition to the North West Passage. Later he also explored the Rio de la Plata region of Brazil for the Spanish. In 15448 he became governor of a joint stock company in England with he negotiated a commercial treaty with Russia. This company, later called The Muscovy Company, was the first major English joint-stock trading company and financed trading expeditions to Russia and Asia. Cabot was paid cash for discovering Newfoundland. He was also given a pension. He only collected that pension once. It is believed he drowned at sea. Nevertheless, his discoveries guarantee John Cabot a place among the greatest discoverers. In fact, they are still celebrating his discoveries. The Cabot Tower was built on Signal Hill in St. John's in 1897. It was built to mark the 400th anniversary of Cabot's discovery.

Free Essays on The Time Machine

The Time Machine H.G. Wells’ writings focus on science and social science. His knowledge of the two subjects allowed him to write about situations that are most likely impossible and make them appear to be possible. Wells takes the reader through a series of explanations that seem to make sense to a casual observer and make his fiction evident and plausible. Wells used science as a tool to explain his ideas and to help the reader believe what is going on in his novels. In addition to science, Wells used society as an aid to help the reader believe what is going on in his novels. Wells created human characters in his novel that are educated and successful. These characters are upstanding citizens of society and people look up to them and respect them. Wells knowledge of science is made evident when his characters and he discussed scientific ideas and tried to reach a conclusion that ended up supporting Wells’ theories. Wells also incorporated ideas on society into his novels. The ideas on society such as a utopian world and the conflict between industrialists and the workers have been in conflict with his society and others throughout the centuries. By bringing in these real life debates on society, the reader is pushed into believing Wells’ ideas even more. With the constant incorporation of real life situations, ideas, thoughts and theories, Wells helps the reader accept his premises and allows the reader to slip their minds into accepting the novel without doubting the possibilities presented in the novel. Israel Zangwill’s review of the Time Machine is satirical and suitably amuses us with the idea of time travel and does not see anything utopian in the idea of time travel. Mark R. Hillegas, on the other hand, applauds H.G. Wells attempt to ease the mind of the reader and allowing the reader to accept the fiction as a possibility. Wells believed in the idea of a utopian world, but his writing never actually reached a poin... Free Essays on The Time Machine Free Essays on The Time Machine How Does H.G Wells use language in the novel ‘The Time Machine’ to teach us about his vision of the future? H.G Wells wrote one of the first science fiction novels: ‘The Time Machine’. This was due to a premonition that he had about the future. Science Fiction is a genre of fiction and film with an imaginary scientific, technological, or futuristic basis. Science fiction - deals with the impact of actual or imagined science upon society or individuals. It aims to shake up standard perceptions of reality through alternative realities, dystrophies, utopias and natural or man-made disasters. Early practitioners of science fiction were Jules Verne and H.G Wells. Examples of science fiction novels and films are: Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Frankenstein and Fifth Element. Another spectacular science – fiction movie called I Robot is based on our scientific progress in nana -technology. The recent smash hit clearly shows Sci-fi is still a popular genre in the modern day era. Wells was a pioneer of science fiction. His obsession with science led to him being the first man to write about Science in order to express his views about how scientific developments will potentially lead to an apocalyptic war. Wells witnessed the conspicuous class distinctions of the late nineteenth century. He felt strongly about the social divide between the rich leisured classes and the working class. ‘The Time Machine’ portrays what he felt could happen to mankind as the divisive gap between the indolent rich and hard-working poor became wider. Wells was writing to an audience that was curious about the future. There was a rise in scientific intelligence in the 19th century following the Industrial Revolution. People of the 19th century began imagining what the future would become, if all the inventions created became more advanced. Thus Victorians believed Science – Fiction opened the possibility for an entire new range of ad... Free Essays on The Time Machine The Time Machine H.G. Wells’ writings focus on science and social science. His knowledge of the two subjects allowed him to write about situations that are most likely impossible and make them appear to be possible. Wells takes the reader through a series of explanations that seem to make sense to a casual observer and make his fiction evident and plausible. Wells used science as a tool to explain his ideas and to help the reader believe what is going on in his novels. In addition to science, Wells used society as an aid to help the reader believe what is going on in his novels. Wells created human characters in his novel that are educated and successful. These characters are upstanding citizens of society and people look up to them and respect them. Wells knowledge of science is made evident when his characters and he discussed scientific ideas and tried to reach a conclusion that ended up supporting Wells’ theories. Wells also incorporated ideas on society into his novels. The ideas on society such as a utopian world and the conflict between industrialists and the workers have been in conflict with his society and others throughout the centuries. By bringing in these real life debates on society, the reader is pushed into believing Wells’ ideas even more. With the constant incorporation of real life situations, ideas, thoughts and theories, Wells helps the reader accept his premises and allows the reader to slip their minds into accepting the novel without doubting the possibilities presented in the novel. Israel Zangwill’s review of the Time Machine is satirical and suitably amuses us with the idea of time travel and does not see anything utopian in the idea of time travel. Mark R. Hillegas, on the other hand, applauds H.G. Wells attempt to ease the mind of the reader and allowing the reader to accept the fiction as a possibility. Wells believed in the idea of a utopian world, but his writing never actually reached a poin...

Employee Relations Killing Time Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Employee Relations Killing Time - Case Study Example has to recognize the talent pool which is available and the government needs to make viable conditions for them to exist and work in the best manner possible. The role of HR thus is to liaison these activities in the best interests of the organization as well as the linkage that it has with the government. This helps the overall mission and vision basis of the organization and helps develop the objectives on a long term basis more than anything else. The need is to realize that talent management can truly play a pivotal role at exploiting the weaknesses present within the prevalent system and look to play upon the strengths which could be drawn from the linkages brought forward by training regimes of the organization helped and facilitated by the governmental ranks. A conflict within an organization can take place due to differing personalities of the employee and the manager or in their attitudes that lead in their linkage with each other. This could also happen due to their norms and behaviors which might not be liked by any one party (person) and thus lead to a conflict of thoughts, ideas, actions and eventual behaviors towards each other. There is a degree of power when we speak of the manager in terms of the same over his subordinate or the employee who is working under him in a direct or an indirect capacity. Different conflict handling styles include avoidance of the conflict in the first place which will ensure that the two persons within the organizational set up remain at peace and understand each other's personalities. Example is that of subordinate not taking harsh words of the manager at all and just adhering to his instructions. The second one is that of accommodating where each of these persons would accommodate the personality tr aits of each other and... This case study refers mostly to Greengard and Byham book, in which authors suggest hiring for attitude. While resumes present degrees, experience and skills, â€Å"they’re only part of the overall picture† The Women & Infant’s Hospital seeks employees who are compassionate, diplomatic, energetic and confident, and Southwest Airlines looks for energy, humor, team spirit, a strong work ethic and self-confidence. These companies do not discover these characteristics on a resume, so they employ â€Å"behavior-based interviews and in-depth analysis of candidates†. The researcher of this case study describes how Southwest gathers a group of job candidates in a room and observes how they interact. They ask them questions that will reveal personality traits. Attitudinal shift must happen within the work colleagues and they must be told clear cut that their work must hold priority over anything else, as long as they are working within the office timings. They must not waste any time whatsoever and commit themselves whole-heartedly towards work and nothing else. This would benefit one and all as well as the organization which must be on the hunt to complement its employees through different initiatives in the name of bonuses, incentives and so on and so forth. The researcher then concluds that there is a serious lesson to be learned from this scenario presented in the case study and all efforts must be enacted by the top regimes within the organization to make sure that the learning has been done in the best possible way.

Chose an ecosystem, analyze the impact of human activity on the Essay

Chose an ecosystem, analyze the impact of human activity on the ecosystem, and provides guidelines to help preserve your chosen - Essay Example Saving these rainforest ecosystems and rehabilitating forest lands is critical to ensure clean air and a healthy environment for all. Tropical Rainforest Ecosystems An ecosystem is a community of living organisms, as well as the non living components in their environment, on whom they depend for their needs. Nutrients and energy that are obtained from the environment are used so as to maintain an ecosystem. An ecosystem consists of various species and each of them has a relationship with other species that cohabit the ecosystem. Ecosystems are of various types and are determined by the prevailing climatic conditions which in turn define the vegetation and the variety of life forms found there. Examples of ecosystems are rainforests, grasslands, deserts, and water ecosystems like marine or freshwater ecosystems. Ecosystems can be divided into their biotic or living components like primary producers that are green plants, herbivores, carnivores etc; and the abiotic or non living compon ents like sunlight, temperature, moisture and so on. ... The Amazon rainforest, also known as Amazonia is the largest rainforest in the world. It is sometimes referred to as the lungs of the planet, due to its capacity to recycle large quantities of carbon dioxide into oxygen. Situated in South America, the Amazon rainforest covers more than half of Brazil and is the drainage basin for the Amazon river and its tributaries. Its proximity to the equator ensures plenty of heat and sunlight, which in turn generates rain that provides the moisture. High temperatures, and abundant rainfall throughout the year, results in a climate that is warm and humid. These are ideal conditions for the growth of all types of vegetation including a wide variety of trees, plants shrubs and other vegetation, which attracts innumerable birds, insects and animals. Hence rainforests are rich in their biological diversity and home to myriads of animal, bird and insect species. Biodiversity is important to the environment because it increases productivity in an ecosy stem, where every species, no matter how tiny, contributes to the health and well being of the ecosystem. As Ban Ki Moon (2010) rightly points out â€Å"Biodiversity underpins the functioning of the ecosystems on which we depend for food and fresh water, health and recreation, and protection from natural disasters.† (Ban Ki Moon, 2010) The Amazon rainforest consists of four layers, the emergent layer, the canopy, the shrub layer and the forest floor. The emergent layer consists of the tallest trees, some that are over 50 meters in height. The leaves of these trees are smooth and waxy and taper to what is known as a drip tip to allow water to drip off it to the layer below. The canopy is below the emergent layer and is a sea of leaves. Since the tallest trees and the canopy of

Effect of Homeopathic Treatment on Insomnia

Effect of Homeopathic Treatment on Insomnia CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Introduction Insomnia is a major health concern particularly when individuals develop dependency and problematic withdrawal symptoms related to conventional prescription drugs. Approximately 27% of the adult male population and 31% of the adult female population in South Africa suffer from insomnia (Strangers et al., 2012). Insomnia disorder is characterized by one or more of the following: difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, early morning waking, and non-refreshing sleep (South African Association of Sleep Medicine, n.d.). Current conventional treatment for insomnia includes psychological and drug therapies. Conventional medication for insomnia is limited and has its drawbacks (Moch, 2011). While continued research and development is ongoing to broaden the clinical evidence on the use of homeopathic remedies in the treatment of insomnia to further establish its benefits, current information suggests that the effect of individualised homeopathic treatment has not been researc hed to date in females with insomnia disorder. Aim of the Study The aim of this study was to determine the effect of individualised homeopathic treatment on insomnia disorder in females using detailed case studies and the Insomnia Severity Index. Null Hypothesis It is anticipated that the individualised homeopathic remedy will not be effective in the treatment of insomnia disorder in females. Hypothesis It is anticipated that the individualised homeopathic remedy will be effective in the treatment of insomnia disorder in females. Importance of the Problem CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Sleep Sleep can be defined as a state of reversible unconsciousness in which the brain becomes less responsive to external stimuli (Schupp Hanning, 2003). Although the amount of sleep a person needs varies, most individuals need an average of six to eight hours of sleep a night in order to feel refreshed (Attele et al., 2000). Numerous physiological processes are regulated during sleep and therefore it is a universal need that is essential for well-being (Moch, 2011). 2.2 The Physiology of Sleep Normal sleep is divided into two distinctive states: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, which can be differentiated by an electroencephalogram (EEG) (Schupp Hanning, 2003). Normal sleep begins with NREM sleep and progresses through deeper NREM stages, before the first episode of REM sleep occurs about 80 to 100 minutes later. Thereafter, a sleep cycle, which is the alternation of periods of NREM and REM sleep, lasts approximately 90 minutes and recurs 3 to 7 times per night. NREM sleep is more prominent and deeper than REM sleep during the first half of the night; NREM constitutes the main sleep activity. NREM sleep is shallow during the second half of the night, and the proportion of REM sleep gradually increases during each subsequent sleep cycle (Carlstedt, 2010). Figure 2.1 shows EEG graphs of these sleep stages. 2.2.1 NREM Sleep NREM sleep appears as wakefulness-maintaining mechanisms decline. NREM sleep is divided into 4 stages (Lee-Chiong, 2006): Stage 1: an individual first enters stage 1. The EEG is difficult to distinguish from the waking EEG of a drowsy person, theta wave activity occurs, and heart rate and muscle tension begin to decrease. During this early stage of sleep an occasional muscle jerk, usually of an arm or leg, referred to as myoclonus may be experienced. This experience is often accompanied by a brief visual image, such as tripping or falling (Freberg, 2009). Stage 2: after 10 to 15 minutes in stage 1, the individual enters stage 2 NREM sleep. The EEG shows sleep spindles and K-complexes, which reflect the brain’s effort to maintain sleep while monitoring the external environment. Heart rate and muscle tension further reduce. During this stage the individual is able to sleep through familiar stimuli, but wakes in response to unfamiliar stimuli (Freberg, 2009). Stage 3 and 4: after approximately 15 minutes in stage 2, the individual enters stage 3 and stage 4 NREM sleep, also referred to as slow-wave sleep. In both stages, the EEG shows delta wave activity, however, stage 3 differs from stage 4 in the sense that a greater proportion of stage 4 consists of delta waves. During these stages heart rate, blood pressure and core temperature are at their lowest levels. Awakening the individual during these stages is difficult and disorientating (Freberg, 2009). 2.2.2 REM Sleep REM sleep is also referred to as paradoxical sleep because while the EEG resembles the waking EEG, it is accompanied by reduced skeletal muscle tone of stage 3 and stage 4 NREM sleep, except in the eye where rapid eye movements (saccadic eye movements) occur. These saccadic eye movements are small, fast, jerky movements, which bring the eye from one visual fixation point to another and may be associated with watching the visual images of dreams (Sanoop et al., 2012). Despite the apparently alert EEG it is more difficult to awaken an individual from REM sleep than it is to awaken them from slow-wave sleep. In addition, there is an increase in blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate, as well as increased blood flow to the genitals. Control of core temperature is poor during this state of sleep (Wagner Silber, 2004). During REM sleep the EEG becomes desynchronised and low voltage fast activity is seen, PGO (ponto-geniculo-occipital) spikes also appear, which is characteristic o f REM sleep (Sanoop et al., 2012). SLEEP STAGES ON AN EEG Figure 2.1 Different Stages of Sleep as seen on an EEG (Source: J. A. Horne. (1998). Why We Sleep: The Functions of Sleep in Humans and Other Animals. Oxford Uni. Press, England) 2.3 The Function of Sleep There are 3 theories accredited to the function of sleep: Energy conservation theory: according to this theory, energy expenditure that has occurred during waking hours recovers during sleep (OrthoApnea, 2012). Two mechanisms explain how sleep is able to conserve energy. First, sleep reduces energy expenditure by indirectly reducing activity; this mechanism is also active when individuals are awake, but inactive. Secondly, sleep reduces energy expenditure below that achieved by quiet wakefulness by causing a change in physiology (Kryger et al., 2011). Findings that endothermic mammals, including humans, reduce their core temperature and metabolic rate during sleep to support the waking demands support this theory (Kothare Kotagal, 2011). Restorative theory: this theory suggests that the function of sleep is to restore physiological and biochemical processes that have been depleted during waking hours. Indirect evidence supports this presumption: There is an increased release of growth hormone by the pituitary gland following sleep onset Endogenous anabolic steroids are released during specific stages of sleep There is an increased rate of bone growth, as well as increased mitosis of lymphocytes during sleep During sleep, genes involved in brain protein synthesis, myelin formation, synaptic vesicle turnover, lipid metabolism, and membrane maintenance are unregulated (Kothare Kotagal, 2011). Learning and memory theory: this theory proposes that sleep is necessary for brain plasticity, which is essential in the processes of learning and memory. Several studies have shown that sleep improves learning and memory without task repetition, which suggests that information processing and long-term memory consolidation are enhanced during sleep (Kothare Kotagal, 2011). 2.4 Insomnia 2.4.1 Definition and Description of Insomnia Insomnia is defined as the inability to obtain an adequate duration or quality of sleep (National Sleep Foundation, n.d.). It is characterized by one or more of the following: difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, early morning waking, and non-refreshing sleep (South African Association of Sleep Medicine, n.d.). Insomnia occurs despite an adequate time and opportunity for sleep and results in impairment in daytime functioning (World Health Organisation, 2009). 2.4.2 Incidence, Epidemiology and Demographics of Insomnia Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder and the second most common overall complaint reported in primary healthcare settings (Attarian, 2004), with approximately 30% of the general adult population in South Africa occasionally suffering from insomnia. Insomnia is present in around 50% of individuals treated in a clinical setting and about 10% of these individuals suffer from persistent insomnia. Although insomnia affects individuals of almost every demographic, complaints of insomnia increase with age, and women are more affected than men (Truter, 2008). 2.4.3 Insomnia in Females Epidemiological studies comparing the prevalence of insomnia between the genders all report a higher prevalence amongst females. Studies have shown that there is an increased prevalence of insomnia amongst younger females, even in adolescent girls, compared to their age-matched male counterparts. One of the most common perimenopausal symptoms in women aged between 35 and 55 is insomnia (Grewal Doghramji, 2010). Biological differences in sex hormones may contribute to the gender difference in insomnia. For some women, insomnia may arise secondary to menstrual symptoms e.g. headaches, bloating, cramping and breast tenderness. Sleep disturbances during menstrual periods are associated with alterations in progesterone, prolactin and melatonin levels. Melatonin modulation by sex hormones may cause dysregulation of sleep-wake mechanisms (Soares, 2005). Insomnia occurs in approximately half of all menopausal women and may be directly associated with the presence of hot flushes. Nocturnal hot flushes may cause repeated awakenings throughout the night. Menopausal women experiencing hot flushes report more frequent awakenings, inefficient sleep, and poor quality sleep, compared with those who do not experience hot flushes. Temperature-regulating and sleep-regulating centers in the brain may be disturbed by changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian hormone levels that occur during menopause, resulting in hot flushes and insomnia (Soares, 2005). In addition, increased levels of psychological distress have also been postulated as potential contributors to insomnia in women; including social changes, stress associated with the â€Å"empty nest† syndrome, nursing aging parents or family members, separation from life partners due to divorce or death (Soares, 2005). 2.4.4 Classification of Insomnia Insomnia may be situational (acute), persistent, or recurrent. Situational insomnia lasts for a few days up to a few weeks and is usually caused by life events or rapid changes in environment or sleep schedules. Once the precipitating event subsides, the insomnia usually resolves. In some individuals, insomnia may persist for a long period of time after the initiating event, possibly due to conditioning and heightened arousal; conditioned arousal may then persist and lead to persistent insomnia. However, in some individuals, insomnia may have an insidious onset where no identifiable cause can be found. Insomnia may also be episodic, with recurrent episodes of sleep difficulties occurring during stressful events (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). According to the DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition), insomnia disorder is classified as: A predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality, associated with one (or more) of the following symptoms: difficulty initiating sleep; difficulty maintaining sleep, characterized by frequent awakenings or problems returning to sleep after awakenings; and/or early-morning awakening with inability to return to sleep The sleep disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, educational, academic, behavioural, or other important areas of functioning. The sleep difficulty occurs at least 3 nights per week. The sleep difficulty is present for at least 3 months. The sleep difficulty occurs despite adequate opportunity for sleep. The insomnia is not better explained by and does not occur exclusively during the course of another sleep-wake disorder (e.g., narcolepsy, a breathing-related sleep disorder, a circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, a parasomnia). The insomnia is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication). Coexisting mental disorders and medical conditions do not adequately explain the predominant complaint of insomnia (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). 2.4.5 Signs and Symptoms of Insomnia Symptoms and signs of insomnia include lying awake for extended periods of time before being able to fall asleep, waking up several times during the night (sleeping for short periods of time), waking up early in the morning with an inability to fall back to sleep and/or waking up in the morning feeling unrefreshed or tired (NIH, 2011). 2.4.6 Predisposing, Precipitating and Perpetuating Factors of Insomnia Factors that predispose an individual to insomnia include: genetics, personality traits, psychologic arousal (eg. anxiety, agitation, and heightened vigilance), and time of day sleep-wake preference (Lee-Chiong, 2008). One theory is that physiological hyperarousal may be a predisposing factor for insomnia; research has shown that individuals with insomnia disorder have an increased metabolic rate, increased secretion of ACTH, increased beta activity in the EEG, a more rapid increase in heart rate in response to stress, and increased daytime alertness despite having a shorter sleeping period. Another predisposing factor for insomnia may be a decreased homeostatic drive for sleep; research has shown that patients with insomnia disorder do not have the same increase in slow-wave sleep following sleep deprivation that is seen in those without insomnia. A decreased sleep drive would make it more difficult to initiate and maintain sleep under baseline as well as sleep-deprived conditions ( Lee-Chiong, 2006). Insomnia is a symptom with numerous and diverse aetiologies, and in a large percentage of the population more than one cause may be present; these include: stressful life events such as conflicts in the workplace, marital distress, or final examinations; a change of usual habits; sudden changes in sleep-wake schedules caused by jet lag or changes in work shifts; environmental disturbances such as excessive noise or light in the bedroom; medication use or medication withdrawal; substance abuse; and chronic medical or psychiatric conditions. Examples of chronic medical conditions include: any condition associated with pain, respiratory or cardiac diseases associated with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, renal failure, hyperthyroidism, and neurodegenerative diseases (Lee-Chiong, 2006). Perpetuating factors are cognitive and behavioural changes that occur after an individual has had insomnia for a period of time. Cognitive changes that occur include preoccupation with sleep during the day, as well as a fear of not being able to sleep and fear of daytime impairment. This leads to tension at bedtime, and upon waking up during the night. Behavioural changes include keeping irregular sleep-wake schedules, taking naps during the day, staying in bed in an attempt to gain more sleep, and engaging in stimulating activities during the night. Individuals often make these changes in response to their insomnia, in an attempt to get more sleep; however, while these changes may relieve insomnia in the short-term, they promote insomnia in the long-term (Lee-Chiong, 2006). 2.4.7 Consequences of Insomnia Insomnia may result in feelings of fatigue and sleepiness. A number of individuals complain of mood disturbances and cognitive difficulties such as irritability, mild anxiety and depression; they may also complain of poor memory and concentration, and difficulty performing complex mental tasks. Because of the irritability and fatigue that is associated with insomnia, interpersonal difficulties may result; on the other hand, interpersonal difficulties may be the cause of insomnia. Insomnia may result in restriction of daytime activities, such as work, exercise and social events. This lack of regular daytime activity may in turn contribute to insomnia. In addition to these, insomnia may exacerbate symptomatology of co-morbid disease, and may herald the onset of mood disturbances (Schutte-Rodin et al., 2008). 2.5 Measurements used to asses Insomnia 2.5.1 The Insomnia Severity Index The Insomnia Severity Index is a 7-item questionnaire that provides a global measure of an individual’s perceived insomnia severity based on the following indicators: difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, and early morning awakenings; satisfaction with sleep; degree of impairment with daytime functioning; degree to which impairments are noticeable; and distress or concern with insomnia. Each item is rated on a 5 point Likert scale, and the total score ranges from 0-28. The ISI has good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. It has proven to be sensitive to therapeutic changes in several treatment studies of insomnia. This instrument can be used to evaluate the initial severity of insomnia, as well as the clinical significance of improvements achieved during the treatment of insomnia (Edinger Carney, n.d.) 2.6 Treatment of Insomnia 2.6.1 Pharmacological Treatment

Evaluate the Effectiveness of Business Information Essay

PepsiCo Inc. is an American multinational food and beverage corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York, United States, with interests in the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products. PepsiCo was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay, Inc. PepsiCo has since expanded from its namesake product Pepsi to a broader range of food and beverage brands, the largest of which include an acquisition of Tropicana in 1998 and a merger with Quaker Oats in 2001—which added the Gatorade brand to its portfolio. P5 DESCRIBE THE INFLUENCE OF TWO CONTRASTING ECONOMIC ENVIROMENTS ON BUSINESS ACTIVITIES WITHIN A SELECTED ORGANISATION. KENYA Kenya officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in East Africa that lies on the equator. With the Indian to its south-east, it is bordered by Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya has a land area of 580,000 km2 and a population of a little over 43 million residents. The country is named after Mount Kenya, a significant landmark and second among Africa’s highest mountain peaks. Its capital and largest city is Nairobi. INDIA India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;[d] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India’s Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Economic factors affecting PepsiCo: Unemployment: Kenya recorded its ultimate high level of unemployment in 2011 reaching 40% unemployment. This would affect PepsiCo in the following ways: †¢ The demand of goods will decrease, because consumers will no longer have money to spend. †¢ Total revenue will decrease due to lack of purchases by a customers †¢ However government may decrease tax in order to encourage businesses to employ more. †¢ The public will be desperate for jobs and therefore will be willing to settle for a lower paying job †¢ The*re will be a lower chance of staff turnover. Unemployment rate has decreased significantly in the past year this could affect the business in the following ways: †¢ People will be willing to spend more on PepsiCo’s products thus increasing total revenue. †¢ There will be a rise in demand thus increasing profit. †¢ PepsiCo can now expand and will not have to worry about workforce †¢ However, staff may demand higher salaries as they see many other opportunities opening up †¢ There is a high chance of staff turnover. Inflation rate Inflation occurs when there is a general rise in the price of goods in the whole economy The inflation rate in Kenya was recorded at 3.25 percent in November of 2012. Inflation Rate in Kenya is reported by the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Historically, from 2005 until 2012, Kenya Inflation Rate averaged 12.5 Percent reaching an all-time high of 31.5 Percent in May of 2008 and a record low of 3.2 Percent in October of 2010. In Kenya, the inflation rate measures a broad rise or fall in prices that consumers pay for a standard basket of goods. This means that: †¢ the capital Pepsi uses for buying raw materials is reducing due to a fall in prices †¢ Staff will no longer be too concerned about their real value of their income. †¢ Consumers will now be able to afford better established labels like Pepsi. †¢ However, because of the general decrease in prices, Pepsi may not be able to justify any price increase. The inflation rate in India was recorded at 7.45 percent in October of 2012. Inflation Rate in India is reported by the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation. Historically, from 1969 until 2012, India Inflation Rate averaged 7.8 Percent reaching an all-time high of 34.7 Percent in September of 1974 and a record low of -11.3 Percent in May of 1976. In India, the inflation rate measures a broad rise or fall in prices that consumers pay for a standard basket of goods inflation rate in India is high this means that: †¢ Staff will become concerned about their real income high wage demands are likely and there could be an increase in industrial disputes. †¢ Consumers are likely to become more prices sensitive and look for bargains rather than big names causing revenue to decrease. †¢ The living standard will drop, therefore PepsiCo will have to reduce prices or risk losing their customers. †¢ However, consumers will make purchases faster fearing that prices will rise even more. Interest Rate The benchmark interest rate in India was last recorded at 8 percent. Interest Rate in India is reported by the Reserve Bank of India. Historically, from 2000 until 2012, India Interest Rate averaged 6.5 Percent reaching an all-time high of 14.5 Percent in August of 2000 and a record low of 4.3 Percent in April of 2009. This will affect pepsi in the following ways: †¢ Pepsi will be unable to borrow and therefore will have to cut down on cost thus producing less †¢ Pepsi will be unable to expand if they are not willing to pay 8%. †¢ However, if pepsi feels like the 8% is within their budget then they would probably be safe to borrow seing as the rates are stable. The benchmark interest rate in Kenya was last recorded at 11 percent. Interest Rate in Kenya is reported by the Central Bank of Kenya. Historically, from 1991 until 2012, Kenya Interest Rate averaged 15.1 Percent reaching an all-time high of 84.7 Percent in July of 1993 and a record low of 0.8 Percent in September of 2003. In Kenya, interest rates decisions are taken by The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Central Bank of Kenya. This will affect pepsi in the following ways: †¢ It will cause a fall in production. †¢ It will cause a faal in profits due to controlled spending. †¢ However interest rates are likely to fall as we can see from the gragh above. Comparison of the economy in both India and Kenya both the Kenyan and indian economy are recovering from an economic crunch. If you compare the inflation rates of Kenya and india with their respective interest rates they correspond. This is because when inflation is high, the government needs to control spending and to do this, they need to increase interest inorder to encourage spending

Pro and Contra Student Work

STUDENT WORK STUDY AND PRO-contrast BY MOHAMMAD ZAKARIA CHE ZAKWAN UKM: Although PTPTN loans or scholarships have been awarded, but so the price increases and cost of living are higher indeed inadequate. Therefore, they began looking at ways to overcome the financial difficulties experienced by them. According to the fourth edition of the chambers dictionary, the word â€Å"Temporary Works† means work done while normal work or other regular work. For a student, their main task is to learn and focus their attention on academic aspects, while working part-time at leisure intended to supplement pocket money or looking for work experience.If seen from the positive side, working part-time as to train students to become independent. Desire to work comes from themselves masing. Bagi some students they do not want to burden their parents with problems faced by them. Thus they take their own initiative to work part-time in order to reduce the financial burden of their parents. In addit ion, part-time work can increase revenue or give incomekepada students. With the availability of this income from part-time work, to some extent they are able to buy all the equipment needed or whether an item needs to meet themselves.Worked part-time for those who hold student status is indeed a big challenge. Both in terms of time or energy. Time constraints for a student is a challenge indeed. They need to complete assignments given by lecturers and review the lecture notes given in preparation for the final test of the semester and at the same time they have to work part-time to cover their living costs. Furthermore, the study work is also very tiring. Family life far from their need to do it all alone. Starting from toiletries, food, drink and everything should be done independently.However, every single thing that we do indeed have its own pros and contrast and need our wisdom in finding a solution. MAHASISWA KERJA SAMBIL BELAJAR DAN PRO-KONTRANYA OLEH MOHAMMAD ZAKWAN CHE ZAKA RIA UKM : Walaupun pinjaman PTPTN atau biasiswa telah diberikan namun begitu dengan kenaikan harga barang dan kos sara hidup yang semakin tinggi sememangnya masih tidak mencukupi. Oleh sebab itu, mereka mula mencari jalan penyelesaian bagi mengatasi masalah kewangan yang dialami oleh mereka.Menurut kamus dewan edisi keempat, perkataan â€Å"Kerja Sambilan† membawa maksud kerja yang dibuat disamping kerja biasa atau kerja tetap yang lain. Bagi seorang pelajar, tugas utama mereka ialah belajar dan menumpukan perhatian mereka terhadap aspek akademik, manakala bekerja sambilan pada waktu lapang bertujuan untuk menambah duit saku ataupun mencari pengalaman kerja. Jika dilihat dari sudut positif, bekerja sambilan dapat melatih mahasiswa untuk berdikari. Keinginan untuk bekerja itu datang daripada diri masing-masing.Bagi sesetengah pelajar mereka tidak mahu membebankan ibu bapa mereka dengan masalah yang dialami oleh mereka. Justeru itu mereka mengambil inisiatif sendiri dengan beke rja sambilan bagi mengurangkan beban kewangan ibu bapa mereka. Selain itu juga, bekerja sambilan dapat menambahkan pendapatan atau memberi incomekepada para pelajar. Dengan adanya pendapatan daripada kerja sambilan ini, sedikit sebanyak mereka dapat membeli segala peralatan yang diperlukan sama ada barangan keperluan ataupun untuk memenuhi kehendak diri mereka sendiri.Bekerja sambilan bagi golongan yang memegang status pelajar sememangnya merupakan satu cabaran yang besar. Baik dari segi masa mahupun tenaga. Kekangan masa bagi seorang pelajar sememangnya merupakan sesuatu yang mencabar. Mereka perlu menyiapkan tugasan yang telah diberikan oleh pensyarah serta mengulangkaji nota-nota kuliah yang diberikan sebagai persediaan untuk menghadapi ujian akhir semester dan dalam masa yang sama mereka perlu bekerja sambilan bagi menampung kos sara hidup mereka Tambahan pula, kerja sambil belajar juga amat memenatkan.Kehidupan yang jauh daripada keluarga memerlukan mereka melakukan semuanya se cara sendirian. Bermula daripada kelengkapan diri , makan, minum dan semuanya perlu dilakukan secara berdikari. Walaubagaimanapun, setiap perkara yang kita lakukan sememangnya mempunyai pro dan kontranya yang tersendiri dan memerlukan kebijaksanaan kita dalam mencari jalan penyelesaiannya.

The Ethical Dilemma Of Enron Essay - 1404 Words

Enron was formed in 1985 following the merger of Houston Natural Gas Co. and InterNorth Co. The Chairman Kenneth Lay, CEO Jeffrey Skilling, and CFO Andrew Fastow were the backbone of Enron during its growth period. These executives exercised their power and expertise to unethically â€Å"increase† Enron’s profits by hiding the company’s debt. The ethical dilemma that Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling faced was whether to let their stakeholders know how poorly the company was doing, or to hide the debt. They chose to cut corners and falsify information that would later come back to get them in trouble. Enron had millions of stakeholders that believed and had trust in the company. According to USA TODAY, in 2000 Enron had around 21,000 employees and 754.3 million shares outstanding at its peak price of $83 per share. The company made most of their profits by transporting their gas product to utility companies through pipelines at fair market value. Enron also provid ed electricity to the Northwestern side of the United States and communications for its wholesale and retail customers globally. The textbook states that â€Å"From 1998 to 2000 alone, Enron’s revenues grew from about $31 billion to more than $100 billion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Enron had declared a â€Å"net income of $979 million† in 2000, but a bankruptcy examiner reported that Enron had â€Å"really earned just $42 million.† That examiner also found that even though Enron had claimed $3 billion in cash flow from that year, â€Å"the company actually had aShow MoreRelatedEnron - Ethical Dilemma Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesEthical decision making: A dilemma Ethical issues have greatly transformed in our lives since the great Enron, Xerox and other huge corporations proposed big profits showing earnings of billions of dollars and yet in reality facing bankruptcy. These corporations faced great trouble with the federals and state for manipulating financial statements. 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